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abstract painters

  • 1 abstract

    I ['æbstrækt]
    2) (summary) riassunto m., compendio m.
    3) econ. dir. estratto m.
    4) art. opera f. astratta
    II ['æbstrækt]
    aggettivo astratto (anche art. ling.)
    III [əb'strækt]
    1)

    to abstract sth. from — estrarre, trarre qcs. da [documents, data]

    to abstract sth. from sth. — astrarre qcs. da qcs

    * * *
    ['æbstrækt] 1. adjective
    1) ((of a noun) referring to something which exists as an idea and which is not physically real: Truth, poverty and bravery are abstract nouns.) astratto
    2) ((of painting, sculpture etc) concerned with colour, shape, texture etc rather than showing things as they really appear: an abstract sketch of a vase of flowers.) astratto
    2. noun
    (a summary (of a book, article etc).) riassunto
    * * *
    abstract /ˈæbstrækt/
    A a.
    1 ( anche pitt., mat.) astratto: an abstract noun, un nome astratto; abstract painters, pittori astratti
    2 teorico; astratto: in an abstract manner, in maniera teorica; teoricamente
    B n.
    1 estratto ( anche leg.); compendio; sommario: an abstract of a paper, l'estratto di una relazione; ( banca) abstract of account, estratto conto; (leg.) abstract of record, estratto di verbale; (leg.) abstract of title, estratto di titolo di proprietà
    2 opera astratta; quadro astratto
    3 – the abstract, l'astratto
    ● (pitt.) abstract expressionism, espressionismo astratto □ (ass.) abstract loss, perdita derivante da un danno non materiale □ in the abstract, in astratto; in teoria.
    (to) abstract /əbˈstrækt/
    v. t.
    1 riassumere; compendiare; estrarre
    2 astrarre; fare astrazione da
    3 (eufem.) sottrarre; rubare: He abstracted money from the safe, sottrasse del denaro dalla cassaforte
    4 (chim.) estrarre; ricavare
    5 (tecn.) rimuovere; separare.
    * * *
    I ['æbstrækt]
    2) (summary) riassunto m., compendio m.
    3) econ. dir. estratto m.
    4) art. opera f. astratta
    II ['æbstrækt]
    aggettivo astratto (anche art. ling.)
    III [əb'strækt]
    1)

    to abstract sth. from — estrarre, trarre qcs. da [documents, data]

    to abstract sth. from sth. — astrarre qcs. da qcs

    English-Italian dictionary > abstract

  • 2 Art

       Portugal did not produce an artist of sufficient ability to gain recognition outside the country until the 19th century. Domingos Antônio Segueira (1768-1837) became well known in Europe for his allegorical religious and historical paintings in a neoclassical style. Portuguese painting during the 19th century emphasized naturalism and did not keep abreast of artistic innovations being made in other European countries. Portugal's best painters lived abroad especially in France. The most successful was Amadeo Souza- Cardoso who, while living in Paris, worked with the modernists Modigliani, Georges Braque, and Juan Gris. Souza-Cardoso introduced modernism into Portuguese painting in the early 20th century. A sustained modernist movement did not develop in Portugal, however. Naturalism remained the dominant school, and Portugal remained isolated from international artistic trends, owing to Portugal's conservative artistic climate, which prevented new forms of art from taking root, and the lack of support from an artistically sophisticated, art-buying elite supported by a system of galleries and foundations.
       Interestingly, it was during the conservative Estado Novo that modernism began to take root in Portugal. As Prime Minister Antônio de Oliveira Salazar's secretary for national propaganda, Antônio Ferro, a writer, journalist, and cultural leader who admired Mussolini, encouraged the government to allow modern artists to create the heroic imagery of the Estado Novo following the Italian model that linked fascism with futurism. The most important Portuguese artist of this period was Almada Negreiros, who did the murals on the walls of the legendary café A Brasileira in the Chiado district of Lisbon, the paintings at the Exposition of the Portuguese World (1940), and murals at the Lisbon docks. Other artists of note during this period included Mário Eloy (1900-51), who was trained in Germany and influenced by George Grosz and Otto Dix; Domingos Alvarez (1906-42); and Antônio Pedro (1909-66).
       During the 1950s, the Estado Novo ceased to encourage artists to collaborate, as Portuguese artists became more critical of the regime. The return to Portugal of Antônio Pedro in 1947 led to the emergence of a school of geometric abstract painting in Oporto and the reawakening of surrealism. The art deco styles of the 1930s gave way to surrealism and abstract expression.
       In the 1960s, links between Portugal's artistic community and the international art world strengthened. Conscription for the wars against the nationalist insurgencies in Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau (1961-75) resulted in a massive exodus of Portugal's avante-garde artists to Europe to avoid military service. While abroad, artists such as Joaquin Rodrigo (1912-93), Paula Rego (1935-), João Cutileiro (1947-), and others forged links with British, French, Italian, and Spanish artistic communities.
       The Revolution of 25 April 1974 created a crisis for Portugal's artists. The market for works of art collapsed as left-wing governments, claiming that they had more important things to do (eliminate poverty, improve education), withdrew support for the arts. Artists declared their talents to be at the "service of the people," and a brief period of socialist realism prevailed. With the return of political stability and moderate governments during the 1980s, Portugal's commercial art scene revived, and a new period of creativity began. Disenchantment with the socialist realism (utopianism) of the Revolution and a deepening of individualism began to be expressed by Portuguese artists. Investment in the arts became a means of demonstrating one's wealth and social status, and an unprecedented number of art galleries opened, art auctions were held, and a new generation of artists became internationally recognized. In 1984, a museum of modern art was built by the Gulbenkian Foundation adjacent to its offices on the Avenida de Berna in Lisbon. A national museum of modern art was finally built in Oporto in 1988.
       In the 1980s, Portugal's new generation of painters blended post-conceptualism and subjectivism, as well as a tendency toward decon-structionism/reconstructionism, in their work. Artists such as Cabrita Reis (1956-), Pedro Calapez (1953-), José Pedro Croft (1957-), Rui Sanches (1955-), and José de Guimarães (1949-) gained international recognition during this period. Guimarães crosses African art themes with Western art; Sarmento invokes images of film, culture, photography, American erotica, and pulp fiction toward sex, violence, and pleasure; Reis evolved from a painter to a maker of installation artist using chipboard, plaster, cloth, glass, and electrical and plumbing materials.
       From the end of the 20th century and during the early years of the 21st century, Portugal's art scene has been in a state of crisis brought on by a declining art trade and a withdrawal of financial support by conservative governments. Although not as serious as the collapse of the 1970s, the current situation has divided the Portuguese artistic community between those, such as Cerveira Pito and Leonel Moura, who advocate a return to using primitive, strongly textured techniques and others such as João Paulo Feliciano (1963-), who paint constructivist works that poke fun at the relationship between art, money, society, and the creative process. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the factors that have prevented Portuguese art from achieving and sustaining international recognition (the absence of a strong art market, depending too much on official state support, and the individualistic nature of Portuguese art production) are still to be overcome.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Art

  • 3 figurar

    v.
    1 to represent.
    María figuró los sucesos Mary represented the events.
    2 to feign, to simulate.
    María figuró un desmayo Mary feigned a fainting spell.
    3 to appear, to figure.
    figura en los títulos de crédito como productor he appears o is listed in the credits as the producer
    figura entre los artistas más destacados de su época he was one of the most outstanding artists of his day
    4 to take part, to figure, to sit in.
    Ese diplomático figuró en el seminario That diplomat took part in the...
    * * *
    1 (representar) to represent
    2 (simular) to simulate, feign
    1 (encontrarse) to appear, be, figure
    2 (destacar) to stand out, be important
    1 (imaginarse) to imagine, suppose
    \
    ¡figúrate! just imagine!
    ya me lo figuraba I thought as much
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VI
    1) (=aparecer) to figure, appear ( como as) ( entre among)
    2) (=destacar)

    es un don nadie, pero le encanta figurar — he's a nobody, but he likes to show off

    2. VT frm
    1) (=representar) to represent
    2) (=fingir) to feign
    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en lista, documento) to appear
    b) ( en sociedad) to be prominent; ( destacar)

    lo hizo sólo para figurar or por afán de figurar — he just did it to show off o impress

    2.
    figurarse v pron to imagine

    ¿crees que vendrá? - me figuro que sí — do you think she'll come? - I imagine so o (AmE) I figure she will

    figúrate, tardamos dos horas! — just imagine! it took us two hours

    ¿se enfadó mucho? - figúrate! — did she get very angry? - what do you think?

    figúrate tú, se quedó viuda — can you imagine? she was left a widow

    ya me lo figuraba yo — I thought as much, so I thought

    ya te figurarás lo que hice — you can imagine o (AmE) figure what I did!

    * * *
    = appear, feature, figure.
    Ex. The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.
    Ex. If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.
    Ex. It is important not to let the early sections figure disproportionately in the final abstract merely because they are encountered first.
    ----
    * no figurar = be not included.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo
    a) (en lista, documento) to appear
    b) ( en sociedad) to be prominent; ( destacar)

    lo hizo sólo para figurar or por afán de figurar — he just did it to show off o impress

    2.
    figurarse v pron to imagine

    ¿crees que vendrá? - me figuro que sí — do you think she'll come? - I imagine so o (AmE) I figure she will

    figúrate, tardamos dos horas! — just imagine! it took us two hours

    ¿se enfadó mucho? - figúrate! — did she get very angry? - what do you think?

    figúrate tú, se quedó viuda — can you imagine? she was left a widow

    ya me lo figuraba yo — I thought as much, so I thought

    ya te figurarás lo que hice — you can imagine o (AmE) figure what I did!

    * * *
    = appear, feature, figure.

    Ex: The statement of authorship is also transcribed and it appears in the work.

    Ex: If a corporate body is deemed to have some intellectual responsibility for the content of a work, then the name of that body will usually feature as a heading on either a main or added entry.
    Ex: It is important not to let the early sections figure disproportionately in the final abstract merely because they are encountered first.
    * no figurar = be not included.

    * * *
    figurar [A1 ]
    vi
    1 (en una lista, un documento) to appear
    su nombre no figura en la lista his name doesn't appear on the list
    figura en los primeros puestos de la clasificación she appears o is among the leaders in the table
    aquí figura como tutor del niño he appears o he is down here as the child's guardian
    2 (en sociedad) to be prominent
    (destacar): lo hizo sólo para figurar he just did it to show off o impress
    si me hubiera gustado figurar habría sido artista if I'd wanted to be somebody important, I would have chosen to be an artist
    una familia que figura mucho (en sociedad) a family with a high profile in society life
    ■ figurar
    vt
    to represent
    el círculo anaranjado figura el sol the orange circle represents the sun
    to imagine
    ¿crees que vendrá? — me figuro que sí do you think she'll come? — I imagine so o ( AmE) I figure she will
    ¡figúrate, tardamos dos horas en llegar! just imagine, o can you believe it? it took us two hours to get there
    ¿se enfadó mucho? — ¡figúrate! did she get very angry? — what do you think?
    figúrate tú, se quedó viuda y con dos niños pequeños can you imagine? she was left a widow and with two small children
    ya te figurarás lo que le contesté you can imagine o guess o ( AmE) figure what I said to him!
    * * *

    figurar ( conjugate figurar) verbo intransitivo (en lista, documento) to appear
    figurarse verbo pronominal
    to imagine;
    ◊ me figuro que sí I imagine so, I figure she (o he etc) will (AmE);

    me figuro que tardaremos una hora I reckon o (AmE) figure that it'll take us one hour;
    ¡figúrate, tardamos dos horas! just imagine! it took us two hours;
    ya me lo figuraba yo I thought as much, so I thought
    figurar
    I vi (en una lista, en un grupo) to figure [como, as] [entre, among]: no figura entre los seleccionados, she wasn't listed in the selection
    II vt to represent

    ' figurar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    constar
    English:
    feature
    - figure
    - include
    - rank
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [aparecer] to appear, to figure (en in);
    su nombre figura al final de la lista her name appears at the end of the list;
    figura entre los artistas más destacados de su época he was one of the most outstanding artists of his day;
    figura en los títulos de crédito como productor he appears o is listed in the credits as the producer
    2. Fam [destacar, sobresalir]
    le encanta figurar she likes to seem important;
    acude a todas las fiestas por un afán de figurar she goes to all the parties because she wants to be seen
    ♦ vt
    1. [representar] to represent;
    una imagen que figura una divinidad an image representing a god
    2. [simular] to feign, to simulate;
    figuró estar satisfecho he pretended to be satisfied
    * * *
    I v/i appear (en in);
    aquí figura como … she appears o is down here as …
    II v/t
    1 ( simular) pretend
    2 ( representar) represent
    * * *
    1) : to figure, to be included
    Rivera figura entre los más grandes pintores de México: Rivera is among Mexico's greatest painters
    2) : to be prominent, to stand out
    : to represent
    esta línea figura el horizonte: this line represents the horizon
    * * *
    figurar vb (estar) to appear / to be

    Spanish-English dictionary > figurar

См. также в других словарях:

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